ORGANIC FARMING

 ORGANIC FARMING

•  Farming On Brinjal

Brinjal is one of the most common tropical vegetables grown in India. It is known by different names like Begun (Bengali), ringna (Gujarathi), baingan ( Hindi), badane (Kannada), waangum (Kashmiri), vange ( Marathi), baigan (Oriya), Vashuthana ( Malayalam), Kathiri (Tamil), venkaya (Telugu) and Peethabhala (Sanskrit). A large number of cultivars differing in size, shape and colour of fruits are grown in India. Immature fruits are used in curries and a variety of dishes are prepared out of brinjal. Fruits are moderate sources of vitamins and minerals like phosphorous, calcium and iron and nutritive value varies from variety to variety.

Climate

Brinjal is a warm season crop and requires a long warm growing season. It is very susceptible to frost. A daily mean temperature of 13-21 oC is most favourable for its successful production. The growth of the crop is severely affected when temperature falls below 17 oC. It can be successfully grown as a rainy season and summer season crop and can be grown at an elevation of 1200m above the sea level.

Season

It can be grown in plains throughout the year but rabi season is the best.

• Rainy Season - June – July
• Winter Season - October – November
• Summer Season - February – March

Soil

Brinjal is a hardy crop and is cultivated under a wide range of soils. Since a long duration crop with high yield, well -drained and fertile soil is preferred for the crop. Crops grown in sandy soils yield early and those grown in clayey soils yield more. Ideal pH for cultivation of crop is 5

• Chilli  Forming

It is known as the most valuable crop of India. It is used as a principle ingredient of various curries and chutneys, also used in vegetables, spices, condiments, sauces and pickles. Pungency in chillies is due to the active constituent "Capsaicin", an alkaloid.

climate

Chilli is a tropical and subtropical type of plant, and it requires a combination of a warm and humid environment to grow.

The ideal temperature is considered 20-25°C. Temperatures above 37⁰C adversely effects chilli plant growth.

However, for fruit maturity, dry weather is ideal.

soil

Chilli can be grown in a wide range of soils.

Black soils are suitable for rainfed cultivation as black soils can retain moisture whereas well drained soils such as deltaic soils and sandy loams are suitable for irrigated conditions

Soil pH

Chillies do not respond well to acidic or alkaline soils. So, the pH of the soil should be anywhere from 6.5 and 7.5 (neutral soil). This pH allows the uptake of maximum amount of nutrient by the plants

Chillies are crops that cannot resist a lot of water. Heavy rainfall and stagnated water would result in rotting of the plants. In case of irrigated crops, watering should be only when it is necessary. A frequent watering would result in shedding of flowers and a spurt of vegetative growth. The amount of water to be irrigated, the number of irrigations and its frequency highly depends on the climatic conditions and the soil type. If the leaves start drooping during day time it is an indication of water requirement. If the flowers are weak then irrigating the crop would be helpful. Some farmers irrigate the field once the soil moisture content falls below 25%

•  Uses of Cultivator In Forming 

Cultivator are used to prepare the soil for farming. They are used to remove weeds. They make soil loose and pulverized to help in cultivation. Cultivators are self-propelled and are easy to use.

• Irrigation 

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays. Irrigation is usually used in areas where rainfall is irregular or dry times or drought is expected. There are many types of irrigation systems, in which water is supplied to the entire field uniformly.